Rise+of+Communist+China

"Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun." -Mao "The Communists are a disease of the heart." -Chiang

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10 Links:

[|Leading to Communist China]- This link talks about what things happened that resulted in the rise of communist china and events and people that causes this rise in government power. [|Communist China]- This site gives a lot of information about communist China and talks about a man named Mao who played a big part in the period in history. [|Chinese Communist Party]- This webpage gives you an overview about communist China and some of the beliefs and ideas that they expressed in this government system. [|Mao Zedong]- This is a biography about Mao's life and how he made an impact in history and the role he played in the rise of communist China. [|Dalai Lama Biography]- This is a biogrpahy about Dalai Lama and the impact his ideas, beliefs, and his presence had on the rise of communist China [|Tiananmen Square Massacre] This link talks about the Tiananmen Sqaure Massacre on June 4th, 1989. This massacre consisted of students protesting against the Chinese government. The word Tiananmen means "Gate of Heavenly Peace." [|The Great Leap Forward] This website talks about the Great Leap Forward. This was Mao's plan to create and ideal communisit society. This plan was to develope industry and promote agriculture however this plan failed. [|Red Guards] This site talks about the Red Guards of China. The Red Guards where young radicals who were supporters of Mao and spread the cultural revolution. [|The Korean War] This link gives you information about the Korean War. The Korean War occurred when North Korean troops invaded South Korea. As a result the United Nations sent troops to South Korea. [|Chiang Kai-Shek] This website is the biography of Chiang Kai-Shek. Chiang was the president of the Republic of China from 1928-1945 after he succeeded Sun Yat-sen after his death.

People-
 * 1) Mao Zedong- or Mao Tse-Tung, he was the leader of the CCP, He said “Political Power grows out of the barrel of a gun”, He saw peasants as the key to a Communist revolution, and made three rules to win over Peasants, He also ended up being the Chairman of the Communist People
 * 2) Henry Pu-Yi- he was the Last empire of china, and the last of the Manchu Dynasty, the Forbidden City which is in Beijing, was imprisoned during his rain
 * 3) Chiang Kai-Shek- he was the President of the Republic of China, after the death of Sun Yat-sen, he wanted to get rid of the Communist Party, he said “The Communist are a disease of the heart”
 * 4) Henry Truman- this was the President of the United States at the time and he sent troops to Korea to stop the spread of Communism into South Korea, after many battles and both sides getting leads it turned out that the line that separates North Korea and South Korea ended up in about the same place, which is the 38th parallel.
 * 5) Dalai lama- he is the spiritual leader of Tibet, he was exiled in India so currently is living in the United States, he is lobbying world leaders for Tibetan independence, He was also awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989
 * 6) Henry Kissinger-He was the Secretary of State and in 1971 he made a secret trip to China, with the Chinese he discussed American and Chinese affairs
 * 7) Richard Nixon- He was the president of the US, He made an historic visit to Red China, the United States and China opened diplomatic relations on 1979, which ended two decades of hostility
 * 8) Deng Xiaoping- He was the Premier of China, and the successor to Mao from 1976 to 1989, he believed in the Four Modernizations because of this per capita income increased to 600 dollors
 * 9) Sun Yat-sen- he founded the Guomindang, which was the Nationalist Political Party, he was also the Founder of modern China which believed in three principles Nationalism, Democracy, and Peoples livelihood
 * 10) Red Guards- these were young radical supporters of Mao and spread Cultural Revolution, they agreed to do away with the past, which was called eliminating the Four Olds these were, old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits

Terms-Forbidden City- this is located in Beijing and was imprisoned after the Chinese Revolution of 1911, this was home to the Chinese Emperors
 * 1) Chinese Revolution- this was the overthrow of Manchu which ended 2,000 years of Imperial Rule from 210 BC to 1911 AD, this Revolution was led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen
 * 2) Republic of China- this was started in 1928 and at this time China had no real republic and had western ideas with traditional Confucian values, this was known as Banana Chinese, because they were Chinese on the outside but Western on the inside
 * 3) Long March- this was when Communists fled from capture and execution this was a 6,000 mile journey from SE China to North, they defeated 10 armies and lost 7,000 troops
 * 4) Guerrilla Warfare- this was a tactic used by the People’s Liberation Army (Red Army), this was explained by Mao as “When the enemy advances, we retreat! When the enemy halts and camps, we trouble them! When the enemy tries to avoid battle, we attack! When the enemy retreats, we pursue!
 * 5) Little Red book- Quotations of Chairman Mao, this was a book with a collection of Mao’s thoughts and ideas, this book was a huge seller and red aloud in schools
 * 6) Four Olds- these were old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits, Mao’s people or the Red Guards were set out to destroy these and to spread Cultural Revolution
 * 7) Armistice- this was signed between North Korea and South Korea, this ended a war and made a demilitarized zone DMZ at the 38th parallel
 * 8) Gang of Four- these were four radical Chinese leaders during the Cultural Revolution that tried to rise to power after Mao’s death, one of these people included Mao’s wife Madame Mao
 * 9) Warlords- these were regional military rulers in China, they were defeated by Chiang Kai-shek, which made Chiang Kai-shek the President of Republic of China
 * 10) Guomindang- this was the Nationalist Political Party, which was founded by SunYat-sen, they believed in the three principles of the People which are, 1 Nationalism, 2 Democracy, 3 peoples livelihood
 * 11) Chinese Communist Party- CCP, this was formed in 1921 in Shanghai, Mao Zedong was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party, within the CCP was the People’s Liberation Army or the Red Army
 * 12) Shanghai Massacre- this happened of April 1927, 1000’s of communist were tortured and killed, this was in part because Chiang Ki Shek wanted to eliminate the Communist Party
 * 13) Peoples Liberation Army- this was also called the Red Army, this army fought on Mao Zedong’s side and were communists, this army used a warfare tactic called Guerrilla Warfare
 * 14) Cooperatives- these were collective farms combined in to massive farms containing around 30,000 people, this technique used human labor rather then technology

In 1920, authority did not exist in China. Two forces that were fighting for the right to rule were the Nationalist Party and the Chinese Communist Party. For many years these two groups looked past their differences and worked together. However tensions began to show. Sun Yat-sen was the leader of the Nationalist Party but he died in 1925. He was suceeded by Chinag Kai-shek.

When he fist became the ruler, Chinag Kai-shek pretended that he supported the alliance that was occuring with the Communists. Then in April 1927 he struck against the Communists in the Shanghai Massacre. The Shanghai Massacre ended up killing thousands of people. As a result, the Communist-Nationalist aliance ended. In the next few years following, Chiang worked to reunify China. In 1928, he founded a new Chinese republic in the city of Nanjing. During this time a few things began to threaten the new republic. Chiang thought that Japan was a serious threat to the Chinese nation. However, he believed that the communists were a larger threat. He once said "the Communists are a disease of the heart."

As a result of the Shanghai Massacre, many of the Communists well known leaders went into hiding. The leaders that fled to the province of Jangxi were under the leadership of the young Communist organizer Mao Zedong. Most Communist leaders of this time thought that the Chinese Revolution would be driven by the urban working class. Mao had a very different approach. Mao thought that instead of the working class, poverty-stricken peasants that lived in the countryside would be the ones to lead the revolution. Chiang Kai-shek decided to try to get the Communists out of their base in Jangxi. Chiang's forces greatly outnumbered Mao's but Mao was very good at using guerrilla tactics. Mao's army broke through the Nationalist lines and fled on what is known as the famous Long March. Mao's army had to walk on foot through deserts, mountains, and marshes. A year later they were safe in North China but his army suffered heavy casulaties. Overall, Mao Zedong and Chinag Kai-shek both had a big impact on the Chinese Revolution. Both of these people had different opinions on the Chinese government such as if it should be Communist or Nationalist based. Either way, both of these people were great leaders in China during their time.