Age+of+Imperialism

1800-1914 "A spear has been thrust in the belly of the nation, there are not enough tears to mourn for the dead." -- Zulu King " Dr. Livingstone, I presume." --Sir Henry Stanley

Imperialism has been around since the sixteenth-century. Imperialism is the extension of a nations power over other lands. In the nineteenth-century imperialism had changed. The European states wanted total control versus having a few trading posts. This problem wasn’t only about money but gaining colonies to get ahead of their enemies. Racism and Social Darwinism played a big conflict between the nations. Racism is the belief that some races are superior over others. Those beliefs have caused wars between the nations. Social Darwinism is the belief that the strongest countries will be able to survive.

In the 1800’s, Europeans ruled only two societies. In the 1900s however, the Europeans ruled almost all of them. Great Britain started this takeover by founding Singapore. Singapore was a popular stopping point for any traffic coming to and from China. Next they moved into Southeast Asia and took control over Burma. France soon became concerned about British advancement. The French couldn’t move into Vietnam so they made the Vietnamese Empire a protectorate. France continued to conquer territories and named them all the Union of French Indochina.

The last conquest of Southeast Asian took place in the end of the nineteenth-century. It all started when Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay. During this same time, President McKinley turned the Philippines into an American colony. He did this because he thought it was his duty to civilize other parts of the world and the Philippines were under Spanish control. The Philippines gave the United States a great jumping-off point for trade with China. Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of a movement for independence in the Philippines. However the Filipinos did not agree with this American Senator. When the United States conquered this new land, Aguinaldo set himself up as the president of the Republic of the Philippines. Next, Aguinaldo led the guerrilla forces and fought against the United States. The United States defeated the guerilla forces and created a stepping stone for President McKinley to trade with the rich markets of China.

10 Links:
 * 1) [|Age of imperialism]- This link discusses events and people that happened during this era and gives you links to go to for more information about a specific topic.
 * 2) [|Imperialism]- This site is an overview of what happened during this time along with information about specific topics related to the Age of Imperialism.
 * 3) [|Overview] This site is breaks down this era in many different parts and from different views of people along with an overview of this period in history.
 * 4) [|A Unit Plan]- This webpage gives a descriptive list of a unit planned out to teach about the Age of Imperialism along with information about topics from this time.
 * 5) [|InDepthInfo]-This is a very detailed description of people and events from this era along with links to give you more information about certain topics in history.
 * 6) [|The Balane of Power]-This site takes you to a map of places that were effected in this era along with color coding of imprtant parts from this time period.
 * 7) Important People- This page gives descriptions of important people that made an impact in this era such as Cecil Rhodes and Menelik the 2nd.
 * 8) [|Cecil John Rhodes]- This link gives a detailed description of Cecil John Rhodes and discusses what impact he made durring this era.
 * 9) [|Biography]- This is a biograohy of Cecil Rhodes including information such as when he was born and when he died along with his importance in history.
 * 10) [|Menelik]- This link discusses Menelik and what his importance was in this time along with some of his person information like when he was born and died.

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 * __People__**
 * 1) David Livingstone- he was the greatest of the African Explorer, he lived from 1841 to 1873; he was also the first non-African to cross through Africa.
 * 2) Muhammad Ali- he was the founder of Modern Egypt, in 1805. He was the man that got Egypt’s independence from the Ottoman Empire, he also helped in the modernization of Egypt
 * 3) King Leopold II- he was from Belgium, and called “The Civilizer”, he hired Henry Stanley, for Belgian control of the Congo, he participated in exploration of the Congo, it was 900,000 miles long, and on the way they found ivory, rubber and copper.
 * 4) Henry Stanley- he was hired to find Livingstone, it to 8 months to find him. His first words to Livingstone were “Dr. Livingstone, I presume” He also took over the African exploration in Livingstone’s place.
 * 5) King Shaka- He was from South Africa and called the Great Zulu King, he led and army of 80000, to the battle of Isandlwana where he defeated the British, but in 1879 was defeated by them because of the Maxim gun.
 * 6) Cecil Rhodes- he was the British prime minister of cape colony, he also had a monopoly on diamond mines. He founded a colony called Rhodesia
 * 7) Commodore George Dewey- He was the naval force leader, he defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila Bay which won us the Spanish-American War
 * 8) Ferdinand Lesseps- In 1854 he signed a contract to begin building the Suez Canal, the canal was completed in 1869 the canal was known as the “lifeline to India”
 * 9) Queen Victoria- she was the Empress of India, she was given this title due to the uprising, the people of India were known as her colonial subjects and India became her “Jewel in the Crown”
 * 10) Mohandas Gandhi- he was born in 1869 in western India, later he became a lawyer, but when he moved back to India he became active in the independence movement, and later started a movement based on nonviolent resistance


 * __Terms__**
 * **Imperialism**- is the domination of one country by another, one form of imperialism is a Colony. A Colony is a territory directly controlled by imperial power
 * **Protectorate**- this is a political unit or nation that depends on another country for its protection, on example of this is French Indochina (Vietnam)
 * **Sphere of influence**- These were areas where the imperial powers had exclusive trading rights, this was created by European States during the height of Imperialism
 * **Boers**- These people were Dutch farmers, and descendants of Dutch settlers, they also believed they were superior to the Black Africans who were indigenous
 * **Annexed**- this means incorporated a country within a state, in 1874 Great Britain annexed the west coastal states as the first British colony of Gold Coast
 * **Sepoys**- these people were Indian soldiers, and their job was to protect the company’s interests in the region, they worked for the British East India Company
 * **Creoles**- These people were descendants of Europeans who were born in Latin America, they disliked the domination of their trade by Spain and Portugal
 * **Extraterritoriality**- This is the practice were Europeans lived in their own sections and were subject not to Chinese laws but to their own laws
 * **Commodities**- these were marketable products such as oil, copper, salt, tea, and porcelain, these things had appeared in China
 * **Prefectures**- These were territories were the Lords were given government bonds and were named governors of the territories formerly under their control
 * **Meiji**- this had a marked effect on the traditional social system in Japan, this meant special privileges for the aristocracy were abolished
 * **Sake-** This is Japanese rice wine, this wine was one of the key industries in China, it still has an impact in China today
 * **Great Trek-** This is a region between the orange and Vaal River, and to the region north of the Vaal River, in these regions the Boers formed two independent republics
 * **Viceroy-** this was a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch, this person was assisted by a British civil service staff
 * **Zamindars-** these were local officials who collected taxes, the British believed by sending local people it would make collecting taxes easier, but later zamindars took advantage of their job by increasing taxes