Industrial+Revolution+and+Napoleon



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__Vocab:__

 * Capital**-Capital means to invest in the new industrial machines. It also includes investing in the factories needed to house them.
 * Entrepreneur**-An entrepreneur is someone who is interested in finding new business opportunities. They also look for new ways to make profits.
 * Cottage Industry-** The cottage industry is the two step process of spinners making cotton thread. The thread is then and then woven into a lot of cloth and looms.
 * Puddling**-Puddling is a method used to burn away impurities in crude iron. This then produces an iron of high quality.
 * Burgher**- A citizen of a town or city was called a burgher. Typically this was a member of the wealthy Bourgeoisie.
 * Industrial Capitalism**- Industrial capitalism is an economic system based on the industrial production. This produced a new middle class group called the industrial middle class
 * Socialism**- A system in which society owns and controls some means of production is called socialism. This could include factories and utilities.
 * Romanticism**- A new intellectual movement that was created toward the end of the eighteenth century. It was a reaction of the Enlightenment ideas.
 * Organic Evolution**- Each kind of plant and animal had evolved over a long period of time from earlier and simpler forms of life.
 * Natural Selection**- Some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others. Those naturally selected for survival reproduce and survive. The unfit do not survive
 * Realism**- The belief that the world should be viewed realistically; related to the scientific outlook. It also became a movement in the literary and visual arts
 * Bourgeoisie**- This was a name for the middle class, typically it included merchants, officials, artisans, lawyers or intellectuals. Later it also included bankers, teachers and government officials
 * Secularization:** This is the indifference or rejection of a religion or religious consideration. The ninteenth-century was an age of increasing secularization.
 * Feminism**- A collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights for women. Also, feminism seeks to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment.
 * Psychoanalysis**- A system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat medical disorders. Developed by Sigmund Freud in the year 1900.

__People:__

 * 1. Eli Whitney**: He is responsible for creating the Cotton Gin. This machine was built in 1793 and increased the supply of cotton as well as being a key to the textile industry.
 * 2. Orville and Wilbur Wright**: These two brothers created the first airplane in 1903. Their first flight was recorded on December 17th in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.
 * 3. Alexandre Graham Bell**: He is responsible for inventing the telephone in 1876. He is known for making a ceremonial call between New York and Chicago.
 * 4. Charles Darwin**: He wrote the book On the Origin of species in 1859, which was a theory of evolution. He also wrote The Descent of Man in 1871 that traced human evolution from animal species.
 * 5. Herbert Spencer**: He was Darwin’s assistant and came up with the idea of Social Darwinism. This idea applied Darwin’s Theory’s to human social interaction.
 * 6. Sigmund Freud**: He is responsible for the interpretation of dreams in 1900. He discovered that human behavior was strongly determined by our uncounscious.
 * 7. Jethro Tull**: He is responsible for creating the seed drill and cultivator. The seed drill and cultivator helped in agriculture and farming.
 * 8. Robert Ransome**: He is responsible for creating the iron plow. The iron plow helped with farming and agriculture and made the task of farming easier.
 * 9. Cyrus McCormick**: He is responsible for the creation of the mechanical reaper and the harvest grain that improved farming in the year 1834.
 * 10. John Kay**: He is responsible for creating a machine called the Flying Shuttle in 1733. This machine was able to speed up the weaving process.

=__**Paragraphs**__=

===**At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution there were many advances in Agriculture. A few of these are the seed drill and cultivator which was invented by Jethro Tull, the Iron Plow invented by Ransome, and the mechanical reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick. These are a few inventions but one of the greatest ideas for farming was thought of by Charles Townshend or “Turnip” as people called him. In the 1730’s he came up with Crop Rotation. This idea meant if you switch were things are planted you can replace nutrients in the soil. An example is switching wheat and turnips. All of these things helped advance farming immensely during the Industrial Revolution.**=== ===**The next thing to advance in the Industrial Revolution was the Textile Industry, which is cotton, linen, and wool. This was the first industry to mechanize. There were many new inventions that made work easier and faster to make things like clothes. One of these inventions was the spinning Jenny invited by James Hargreaves to speed up the spinning process. Another thing that advanced the Textile Industry was the invention of the Factory. The first factory was made by Richard Arkwright who called the factory Woolpack Lane. With these factories work would get done faster and more efficiently sense there are more people to work.**===

===**During the Industrial Revolution there were many Intellectual Developments that improved our knowledge about science. One of the greatest discoverers of this time was Charles Darwin. Charles Darwin wrote a book called On the Origin of Species, which talked about the theory of Evolution. One of the most used theories of Charles Darwin is Natural Selection. Natural Selection talks about how some organisms are more adaptable to their environment than others so that the organism that is more adapted will reproduce more and live longer. To find all of this information Charles Darwin sailed around the world on the HMS Beagle a British ship exploring the world’s plants and animals. The animal that helped him the most was the Finch, he studied the different beaks that they had.**=== 10 Links:
 * 1) [|Industrial Revolution]- This link discusses a few aspects of this era such as the textile industry and coalmining along with giving you a few other cites to go to.
 * 2) [|Industrialization]-This is an intersting cite because it asks questions about things from this era and gives you a link you can go to to ginf tha answer to your specific question.
 * 3) [|Continental System]-This site gives you some history of what happened in this era along with the causes and effects of the continental sytem and how it made an impact.
 * 4) [|Affects and Consequences]-This webpage is mainly an overview of this entire era. It gives you a lot of information on what happened during this time along with the results of the events that took place.
 * 5) [|Information Page]-This site gives a lot of information about the Industrial Revolution including different links to go to about specific topics including Eli Witney and other important people.
 * 6) [|The Cotton Gin]- This webpage talks about Eli Whitney's main invention of the Cotton Gin. It also discusses some of Eli's background information along with some more of his inventions.
 * 7) [|Steam Engines]- This link is about Steam Engines and how greatly they effected the modern world. It discusses how they work along with the history of the steam engine.
 * 8) [|James Watt]-This is a biography about James Watt who was the inventor of the modern steam engine. It also gives information on som e of his other accomplishments and history.
 * 9) [|Thomas Edison]-This biography is about Thomas Edison and the history of his life. The includes many of his accomplishments such as the light bulb which has made a tremendous change in history.
 * 10) [|Henry Ford]-This links goes to a biogrpahy of Henry Ford and discusses the history of him and his inventions including the assembly line in 1908 and the Ford Model T (Tin Lizy).

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