Indian+Independence

Gandhi and Indian Independence

__**Terms:**__

 * Mahatma**: By the time of WWI, the Indian people had already begun to refer Gandhi as India's "Great Soul." After the war Gandhi remained an important figure.
 * Civil Disobedience**: This is known as the refusal to obey laws considered to be unjust. Gandhi was known to have used these principles.
 * Armitsar**: In 1919, protests led to violence and a strong British reaction. British troops killed hundreds of unarmed protesters in this city in 1919.
 * Salt March**: When he was accompanied, Gandhi walked to the sea on what became known as this. When he reached the coast he picked up a pinch of salt ands thousands followed him.
 * Pakistan**: Muhammad Ali Jinnah was beginning to believe in the creation of a separate Muslim state of Pakistan which means "the land of the pure."
 * Muslim League**: This was a political group that led a movement calling for a separate Muslim nation under the leadership of Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
 * Government of India Act**: The Government of India Acts were a succession of measures passed by the British Parliament between 1773 and 1935 to regulate the government of India.
 * Indian National Congress**: This group was led by Jawaharlal Nehru. Members of this group proposed economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the British policy for India.
 * Sikhs**: Growing ethnic and religious strife presented a major problem. Sikhs are followers of a religion based on both Hindu and Muslim ideas.
 * Punjab**: Many Sikhs lived in the Punjab, or the northern province, and wanted it to be independent. Gandhi refused this wish and as a result Mother Teresa used her military force against Sikh rebels.
 * Missionaries of Charity**: In 1950, Mother Teresa and her followers established this group to help the poor and the sick. Over the years, Mother Teresa and her followers established numerous centers around the world.
 * Golden Temple**: When Gandhi refused to let the Punjab be independent, Mother Teresa used her military force against Sikh rebels who had taken refuge here. The Golden Temple was one of Sikhs most important shrines.
 * Adodhya**: In 1992 some Muslims and Hindus fought to control a holy place in the northern part of this town. Hindu militants destroyed a Muslim shrine here and as a result riots broke out all over India.
 * Kashmir**: This is a territory between the nations of India and Pakistan. One third of Kashmir belongs to Pakistan and the rest belongs to India.
 * Bangladesh**: In 1971, East Pakistan declared its independence and after a brief civil war it became its own nation. Bangladesh and Pakistan both had trouble establishing stable governments.

__**People:**__

 * 1. W.E.B. Du Bois**: He was an African American educated at Harvard University. He was the leader of a movement that tried to make all Africans aware of their own cultural heritage.
 * 2. Marcus Garvey**: Garvey was a Jamaican who lived in Harlem in New York City. He stressed the need for unity of all Africans.
 * 3. Mohandas Gandhi**: He had become active in the movement for Indian self-rule before World War 1. In India he had been known by the Indian people as “Great Soul.”
 * 4.Jawaharlal Nehru**: He was the son of Motilal Nehru and studied law in Great Britain. The younger Nehru was an example of a new kind of Indian politician because he was upper class and an intellectual.
 * 5. Ho Chi Minh**: In some countries, local Communists were briefly able to establish a cooperative relationship with existing nationalist parties in a common struggle against Western imperialism. This was true in French Indochina, where Vietnamese were organized by this Moscow-trained revolutionary.
 * 6. Pol Pot**: He was from Cambodia and was a brutal revolutionary regime leader. He was the leader of the Khmer Rouge and massacred more than a million Cambodians.
 * 7. Ferdinand Marcos**: He was the president of the Philippines but he was overthrown in the 1980’s. He was accused in the involvement in the killing of a popular opposition leader, Benigno Aquino.
 * 8. Mother Teresa**: She was born in Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu to Albanian parents. When she was 18 she went to Ireland and became a missionary nun. Over the years Mother Teresa and her followers established numerous centers throughout the world to aid the hungry, the sick, and the poor.
 * 9. Jomo Kenyatta**: Educated in Great Britain, Kenyatta of Kenya argued in his book //Facing Mount Kenya// that British rule was destroying the traditional culture if the peoples of Africa.
 * 10. Nnamdi Azikiwe**: Azikiwe of Nigeria began a newspaper called //The West African Pilot// in 1937 that urged nonviolence as a method to gain independence.

**__Links:__**
[|Mother Teresa]

media type="youtube" key="uGxhrBa1L00" height="315" width="420" media type="youtube" key="A-Mg2HBwjWw" height="315" width="420"

media type="custom" key="18622632"